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If you’re preparing for NCEA Level 3 Calculus, the official formula sheet is a compact three-page resource that holds every formula you’re allowed to use during the exam. Knowing its contents and how to navigate it efficiently can save you time and prevent careless mistakes.

Official Source: NZQA (New Zealand Qualifications Authority) ·
Number of Pages: 3 pages ·
Covers Topics: Complex Numbers, Differentiation, Integration ·
Exam Usage: Permitted in NCEA Level 3 Calculus exams

Six key facts about the official formula sheet, from its publisher to its exam status:

What is the NCEA Level 3 Calculus formula sheet?

What topics does the formula sheet cover?

The official formula sheet is a reference booklet published by NZQA (New Zealand Qualifications Authority) for the NCEA Level 3 Calculus external standards: 91577 (Probability Distributions), 91578 (Differentiation), and 91579 (Integration). It includes formulas for complex numbers (e.g., De Moivre’s theorem, Euler’s formula), differentiation rules (power, product, quotient, chain rule), and integration formulas (basic integrals, substitution, integration by parts).

How many pages does it have?

The booklet is exactly 3 pages long, printed on both sides. The 2025 version instructs students to check that pages 2–7 are in the correct order (NZQA 2025 Exam Paper), while the 2024 version had pages 2–4 (NZQA 2024 Formulae Booklet). The page count ensures all essential formulas are at your fingertips without being overwhelming.

Who publishes the official formula sheet?

NZQA — the New Zealand Qualifications Authority — publishes the Formulae and Tables Booklet annually. They also provide assessment specifications confirming that the booklet will be provided in future exams (e.g., 2026).

The implication: the formula sheet is a curated tool, not a complete textbook. Relying solely on it without understanding the concepts will limit your score.

Where can I download the official formula sheet PDF?

How to access the latest formula sheet from NZQA?

Go directly to the NZQA website and search for “Level 3 Calculus 2025 Formulae and Tables Booklet”. The direct PDF link for 2025 is here. For 2024, the PDF is here. NZQA also provides the formula sheet inside the exam paper PDFs (e.g., 2025 exam paper), which includes the same booklet.

Are there alternative sources like Studytime?

While sites like Studytime and iitutor offer past exam papers and study guides, the official PDF should always be your primary source. The iitutor study guide (a popular third-party resource) recommends practicing with the booklet regularly, but it does not host the official PDF itself.

The pattern: official source first, third-party supplements second. One wrong formula can cost you a grade.

What formulas are included on the sheet?

What differentiation formulas are listed?

The sheet includes the power rule, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, and derivatives of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. For example, the derivative of sin x is cos x, and the derivative of e^x is e^x. These are standard for NCEA Level 3 Calculus (NZQA).

What integration formulas are listed?

You’ll find basic integrals (e.g., ∫ x^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C), integrals of trigonometric functions, substitution, and integration by parts. The 2025 booklet also includes the formula for ∫ e^(ax) dx (NZQA).

What complex number formulas are listed?

The formula sheet covers operations with complex numbers, De Moivre’s theorem ( (r(cos θ + i sin θ))^n = r^n (cos nθ + i sin nθ) ), and Euler’s formula ( e^(iθ) = cos θ + i sin θ ). Also included are the equation of a circle and conic-section formulas (NZQA 2024).

The catch: the sheet lists formulas, but it doesn’t tell you when to use them. That’s where practice comes in.

How to use the formula sheet effectively during the exam?

When should I refer to the formula sheet?

Use it as a safety net — not a crutch. Look up a formula only when you’re unsure. The NZQA exam instructions state that you may keep the booklet at the end of the examination, so you can refer to it throughout. But flipping through it too often wastes time.

How to avoid wasting time flipping through?

Familiarise yourself with the layout before exam day. The sheet is organised by topic: complex numbers first, then differentiation, then integration. Highlight the formulas you use most often. Practice with past papers while using the sheet so you know exactly where to look (iitutor).

What are tips for memorizing key formulas?

Memorise the basics (common derivatives, trigonometric values for 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) so you don’t need to look them up. The iitutor guide advises that knowing these by heart saves precious minutes (iitutor study guide).

The takeaway: the sheet is a tool, not a teaching aid. Maximum efficiency comes from knowing the layout cold and having the most-used formulas in your head.

How to prepare for NCEA Level 3 Calculus using the formula sheet?

How to combine formula sheet with past papers?

Download past exam papers from NZQA (e.g., 2025 exam) and solve them with the formula sheet open. This simulates exam conditions. Mark which formulas you had to look up and focus on those.

What other resources complement the formula sheet?

Use the NZQA assessment specifications to understand which topics are assessed. The 2026 specification for 91578 confirms that the formula sheet will be provided. Also, third-party guides like iitutor’s offer practice advice.

What this means: the formula sheet is most effective when embedded in a broader study routine that includes past papers and topic-by-topic revision.

Step-by-step: How to prepare with the formula sheet

1. Download the correct year’s PDF. Get the 2025 booklet from NZQA.
2. Print it out. You’ll use it in the exam, so practice with a physical copy.
3. Highlight key formulas. Mark the ones you use most often during practice.
4. Solve past papers (e.g., 2025 exam) with the sheet beside you.
5. Time yourself. Aim to reduce the number of times you look at the sheet as you get more comfortable.
6. Review the 2026 specifications to see if any topics changed (NZQA 2026 Spec).

What’s clear and what’s not about the formula sheet

Quotes from the exam room

Check that this booklet has pages 2 – 4 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

— NZQA exam instructions, 2025 Level 3 Calculus exam paper

Practicing with the booklet regularly during revision is key to success.

— iitutor study guide

The NCEA Level 3 Calculus formula sheet is a compact, official resource that can boost your exam performance if used wisely. For students sitting the 2025 exams, downloading the PDF now and practicing with it under timed conditions builds the familiarity needed to treat the sheet as a safety net rather than a crutch. Otherwise, you risk spending precious minutes hunting for formulas instead of solving problems.

Related reading: NZQA Level 3 Calculus Formulae and Tables Booklet · NCEA Mathematics Level 3 study guide

Frequently asked questions

New World Hutt City has been a fixture on Bloomfield Terrace for years, and whether you’re filling the car or filling the trolley, it offers a mix of convenience and community ownership. Located at the corner of Waterloo Road and Bloomfield Terrace (New World Hutt City official page), it’s open 7am to 10pm daily. Here’s a fact-based look at what makes it tick—and where it might cost you a bit more than the discount alternative down the road.

New World Hutt City store: locally owned and operated in Lower Hutt ·
Online shopping available: 24/7 with delivery or click & collect ·
Fuel station: attached to the store ·
Number of New World stores in NZ: over 140 ·
Owned by: Foodstuffs North Island co‑operative

The following table summarises the key facts about New World Hutt City.

Is New World expensive in NZ?

How does New World Hutt City compare to Pak’nSave and Countdown?

• New World is positioned as a mid‑to‑premium supermarket, often pricier than Pak’nSave on core basket items (MoneyHub – NZ consumer finance guide)
• Countdown (now Woolworths) typically sits between the two but offers more frequent loyalty discounts
• New World Hutt City runs weekly specials that can match discount chains on select items – e.g., lamb leg roasts, carrots, and apples (New World weekly specials)

Local competition keeps prices in check. Shoppers willing to chase specials can save significantly; those filling a standard weekly shop without scouring deals will pay a premium at New World compared to Pak’nSave Lower Hutt. The implication: if you prioritise fresh meat and deli quality over price, New World Hutt City may be worth the extra few dollars.

What factors influence grocery prices at New World?

Several forces come into play: wholesale costs from suppliers, the store’s local ownership (which can negotiate independently), and the parent co‑operative’s buying power. According to MoneyHub, New World has a flat delivery fee structure – $15 for orders under $200 and $10 for orders over $200 (MoneyHub), which adds to the total cost.

Which NZ supermarket has the cheapest groceries in 2026?

Projected trends for grocery prices in New Zealand

Historical pricing patterns show Pak’nSave consistently delivers the lowest basket prices across New Zealand (MoneyHub). Consumer NZ research supports this, noting that discount banners keep margins thin. However, no firm data exists for 2026 – any prediction rests on current trends, including rising supplier costs and potential regulatory changes.

How does New World Hutt City factor into future cost scenarios?

If New World holds its mid‑tier pricing strategy, it will remain more expensive than Pak’nSave but may stay competitive with Countdown. The store’s local ownership allows flexibility in promotions – something corporate chains can’t match as quickly. The pattern: loyalty programs and fuel tie‑ins become more important as baseline prices rise.

What is the price of petrol in New World Hutt City?

Current fuel prices at New World Hutt City

New World Hutt City operates its own fuel station. Prices change frequently – a Reddit user described it as “the cheapest in town for years” (Reddit r/newzealand – user discussion), though this is an anecdotal claim without official verification. The store’s official page confirms the fuel station is attached (New World Hutt City), but real‑time prices are not published there.

How to find the latest petrol prices using Petrol Spy

The independent website Petrol Spy (www.petrolspy.nz) tracks fuel prices across New Zealand, including at New World Hutt City. The service refreshes data from user reports and retailer updates. For the most current price, check Petrol Spy before filling up.

Does New World Lower Hutt deliver groceries?

How to set up online delivery from New World Hutt City

• Visit the New World Hutt City store page and click “Shop online”
• Create or log into your account, then add items to your cart
• Choose delivery or click & collect at checkout
• Delivery is available within a defined radius – check eligibility on the site

According to MoneyHub, New World’s delivery fee is a flat $15 for orders under $200 and $10 for orders of $200 or more; click & collect costs $5 (MoneyHub). The store’s own contact page confirms phone support for online orders (New World contact page).

Delivery zones and costs for Lower Hutt

The exact delivery radius for New World Hutt City isn’t publicly listed. However, the store serves the Lower Hutt area – typically within 10–15 km. Shoppers outside this zone will need to use click & collect instead. Fees are as above.

Who owns New World supermarkets in NZ?

The ownership structure of New World Hutt City

New World stores are independently owned and operated. New World Hutt City is owned by Steve and Sarah Williams (as reported by Supermarket News – industry trade publication). They are franchisees within the Foodstuffs North Island co‑operative.

Difference between corporate and franchise ownership

Unlike corporate chains (e.g., Countdown/Woolworths), franchise ownership means the local owner has control over pricing, promotions, and staffing. This can lead to more responsive local offers and community involvement. The co‑operative structure also means profits are reinvested regionally.

New World Hutt City vs the competition – a comparison

Three stores within a 2‑km radius on Waterloo Road, each with different pricing models and perks. Here’s how they stack up.

The trade‑off: New World Hutt City gives you fuel savings and a more curated shopping experience, but you’ll pay a bit more for the weekly basics than at Pak’nSave.

Upsides and downsides of shopping at New World Hutt City

The choice ultimately depends on whether you prioritise fuel savings and service or lowest sticker prices.

How to order online from New World Hutt City – step by step

1. Go to New World Hutt City’s store page and click “Shop online”.
2. If you already have a Clubcard, sign in; otherwise create a free account.
3. Browse products – use filters to see weekly specials or sort by price.
4. Add items to your trolley and proceed to checkout.
5. Choose delivery or click & collect. If delivery, enter your address to check eligibility.
6. Select a time slot (delivery windows are bookable two days ahead).
7. Pay with credit/debit card or via online banking.
8. Wait for your order confirmation and pickup or delivery on the chosen day.

MoneyHub notes that delivery is not available in the South Island except a limited trial (MoneyHub), but Wellington region is fully covered.

What we know for sure – and what remains unclear

Confirmed facts

• New World Hutt City is an operating supermarket in Lower Hutt (New World Hutt City)
• It offers online delivery and click & collect (New World Hutt City)
• It has a fuel station (New World Hutt City)
• It is locally owned under Foodstuffs North Island (Wikipedia – New World (supermarket))
• Owners Steve and Sarah Williams operated a pop‑up store in 2016 (Supermarket News)
• Delivery fees: $15 (under $200), $10 ($200+), click & collect $5 (MoneyHub)

What’s unclear

• Exact fuel price at any given moment (fluctuates daily)
• Which supermarket will be cheapest in 2026 – no firm prediction
• Specific delivery radius and exact fees (may change over time)
• Future pricing strategy under potential regulatory changes

These uncertainties highlight the dynamic nature of grocery pricing and services.

Voices from the community

“The fuel at New World Hutt City has been the cheapest in town for years.”

– Reddit user, r/newzealand (source)

“We’re building a pop‑up shop to keep serving Hutt City during our renovations.”

– Steve and Sarah Williams, owners of New World Hutt City, reported by Supermarket News

“New World delivery is not available in the South Island except via a limited pilot trial.”

– MoneyHub – NZ consumer finance guide

“Prices valid Wednesday 1st to Friday 3rd July 2026 only at New World North Island stores.”

– New World Hutt City Facebook page (Facebook)

New World Hutt City is a community‑anchored supermarket that blends local ownership with the buying power of Foodstuffs. For Lower Hutt shoppers, the choice comes down to priorities: fuel savings and fresh food or absolute lowest price. The implication is clear: if you drive and you’re willing to shop specials, this store likely saves you money overall. If you fill a monthly trolley at Pak’nSave, you’ll probably pay less – but lose the fuel discount and the personal service of a local team.

Related reading: New World Wellington City

Frequently asked questions

These answers cover the most common queries about New World Hutt City.

If you mention “mince and cheese pie” in Auckland, you’ll get a knowing nod. Mention it in London and you’ll likely get a furrowed brow and a question about dried fruit. The New Zealand savoury mince and cheese pie is a redoubtable snack-shop staple and home-kitchen standard, but its name trips up pretty much anyone outside the country. So what actually goes inside one, and how do you make it? This guide separates the Kiwi classic from its sweet British lookalike and gives you a fully sourced recipe to try yourself.

Search volume for “mince and cheese pie”: Unknown (low) ·
Featured in Google PAA: Yes, multiple questions ·
Top organic result domain: bakewithamy.com (recipe blog) ·
Common cheese used: Tasty or Cheddar ·
Primary region: New Zealand (Kiwi classic) ·
Pastry type: Puff pastry

The numbers below show how consistently the sources agree on the core facts about this Kiwi staple.

What Is a Mince and Cheese Pie?

A mince and cheese pie is a savoury pie made with seasoned minced beef, a rich gravy-style sauce, and a layer of melted cheese — typically cheddar or Tasty cheese — all enclosed in golden puff pastry. This is a foundational New Zealand food, sold in every bakery, dairy, and petrol station across the country, and made in countless home kitchens for weekend lunches and weeknight dinners. According to The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog), it consistently ranks at the top of New Zealand pie charts — and entirely deserves its status as a national comfort-food icon.

Is it a sweet or savoury pie?

Absolutely savoury. The filling starts with beef mince cooked with onion, garlic, and other vegetables, then thickened with flour or cornstarch and enriched with beef stock and tomato paste. Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) adds carrot, celery, Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, and mustard to its recipe, creating a deeply savoury gravy that contrasts beautifully with the melted cheese. No dried fruit, no sugar, no suet — just meat, cheese, and pastry.

Where did the mince and cheese pie originate?

The mince and cheese pie is a distinctly New Zealand invention, though it inherits from the British pie-making tradition. The sweet British mince pie goes back to the medieval era, when it contained actual minced meat mixed with dried fruit and spices. As Hairy Bikers (UK cookbook authors) note, the meat was gradually dropped during the Victorian era, leaving the fruit-and-spice filling that British shoppers recognise today. In New Zealand, by contrast, home cooks and bakeries kept the meat and added cheese — creating a wholly independent dish.

Bottom line: The NZ mince and cheese pie is a savoury beef-and-cheese pie encased in puff pastry, completely distinct from the sweet British mince pie. Home cooks following an authentic recipe: use beef mince, cheddar, and savoury seasonings — never dried fruit or sugar.

What Cheese Goes With Mince Pie?

Five key cheeses fit this dish, each bringing a different texture and flavour profile. The choice determines whether the pie tastes sharp and tangy, mild and creamy, or somewhere in between.

The table below ranks each option by how well it performs in a Kiwi pie context.

Can you eat mince pies with cheese?

Yes — but the savoury mince and cheese pie bakes the cheese directly into the pie, placing a slice between the meat filling and the top pastry crust. This creates a self-contained cheese layer that melts during baking. For the sweet British mince pie, serving cheese on the side is a debated practice; some fans insist on a wedge of cheddar with a warm mince pie, while purists consider it a sacrilege against tradition.

Bottom line: Tasty cheese or mild cheddar is the canonical choice for NZ mince and cheese pies. Sharp cheddar gives a bolder punch, while Gouda and Edam offer smoother, sweeter alternatives. Avoid strongly flavoured blue cheeses that would overwhelm the beef filling.

How to Make a New Zealand Mince and Cheese Pie

This step-by-step guide consolidates the most consistent elements from multiple published Kiwi recipes into one authoritative method. The recipe below draws primarily on The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog) and Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) — two well-trusted sources in the NZ home-cooking space.

Key ingredients for the filling

• 500g beef mince (ground beef, preferably 15-20% fat for flavour)
• 1 large onion, finely diced
• 2-3 cloves garlic, minced
• 1 carrot, finely diced (optional, per Dish Magazine (NZ food publication))
• 1 stick celery, finely diced (optional, per Dish Magazine (NZ food publication))
• 2 tablespoons tomato paste
• 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce
• 1 tablespoon soy sauce (optional, adds umami depth)
• 1 tablespoon all-purpose flour
• 1 cup beef stock (low-sodium preferred)
• Salt and pepper to taste
• Optional: 1 teaspoon Vegemite or Marmite for savoury depth (per YouTube (home cook’s recipe))

Step-by-step pastry assembly

1. Cook the filling. Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a large frying pan or saucepan over medium heat. Cook the onion, garlic, carrot, and celery (if using) for 3-4 minutes until softened.
2. Brown the mince. Add the beef mince and cook, breaking it up with a wooden spoon, until browned — about 5-6 minutes.
3. Add seasonings. Stir in tomato paste, Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, and optional Vegemite/Marmite. Cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
4. Thicken the gravy. Sprinkle flour over the mixture and stir for 1 minute. Pour in beef stock and stir continuously until the sauce thickens — about 2-3 minutes. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
5. Cool completely. This is critical. As Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) emphasises, hot filling will melt the butter in the puff pastry before baking begins, creating a soggy bottom. Spread the filling on a tray and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
6. Preheat oven to 200°C (400°F).
7. Line pie tins. Roll out thawed puff pastry sheets. Cut circles to line the bottom of your pie tins (individual pie tins or one large pie dish). Prick the base with a fork.
8. Fill and cheese. Spoon the cooled filling into each pastry-lined tin. Place one slice of cheese (Tasty or cheddar) on top of the filling per pie — The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog) and Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) both use slices rather than grated cheese for a neat, even layer.
9. Seal the pies. Roll out more puff pastry for the lids. Place each lid on top, press edges to seal, and crimp with a fork. Cut a small steam vent in the centre of each pie.
10. Egg wash (optional): brush with beaten egg for a shiny golden crust.

Baking tips for the perfect crust

• Bake at 200°C (400°F) for 20-25 minutes for individual pies, or 35-40 minutes for a single large pie, until golden brown and puffed. The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog) recommends 40 minutes at 180°C for a full-sized pie.
• Allow pies to rest 5 minutes before serving — this lets the cheese set slightly and prevents burns. Per Dish Magazine (NZ food publication), this short rest is essential for the filling to stabilise.
• For mini pies (using a muffin tin), reduce baking time to 15-18 minutes.

Bottom line: Home cooks: the single most important step is cooling the filling thoroughly before assembling. Use slices of cheese rather than grated for even melting. Bake at 200°C until golden and puffed. The result is a pie that ranks alongside any bakery version in New Zealand.

What Are Common Mince Pie Mistakes?

Every mince pie failure has a root cause in technique, filling consistency, or pastry handling. Here are the most frequent problems and how to avoid them — drawn from multiple tested Kiwi recipes.

Mistakes in filling preparation

• Overly wet filling. If the gravy is too thin, it will turn the pastry to mush. The solution: cook the filling after adding stock until it thickens visibly — at least 2-3 minutes of steady stirring. Per Dish Magazine (NZ food publication), the filling should cling to the meat, not pool around it.
• Overfilling the pie. More filling does not equal more flavour. It creates overflow during baking, which burns on the tray and dries out the pie. Fill each tin no more than two-thirds full before adding the cheese lid.
• Not seasoning enough. Beef mince needs aggressive seasoning. The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog) uses Worcestershire sauce and soy sauce; Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) adds mustard. Taste the filling before cooling — it should be clearly savoury and pleasantly spiced.

Pastry handling errors

• Hot filling on cold pastry. The number one cause of soggy bottoms. Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) and YouTube (home cook’s recipe) both stress the need for fully chilled filling before assembly.
• Skipping the steam vent. Without a small hole or slash in the top crust, steam builds up inside and makes the pastry soggy. The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog) recommends pricking the top crust with a fork for ventilation.
• Overworking the pastry. Puff pastry becomes tough if it is re-rolled too many times. Cut lids from separate sheet portions rather than rerolling scraps.

Serving and storage missteps

• Serving too soon. Cutting into a pie straight from the oven sends molten cheese and hot gravy running everywhere. Let pies rest 5 minutes. Dish Magazine (NZ food publication) recommends this resting period as part of the baking process.
• Storing incorrectly. Leftover pies go into the fridge once fully cooled, in an airtight container. The Kiwi Country Girl (recipe blog) reports they keep for up to 4 days. Reheat in an oven or air fryer, not a microwave, to restore crust crispness.
• Freezing without wrapping. Mince and cheese pies freeze well, but only if double-wrapped in plastic wrap and foil. Unwrapped pies develop freezer burn on the pastry within 2 days.

Bottom line: Home bakers: the four critical rules are (1) cool filling cold, (2) seal edges tightly, (3) cut a vent, (4) let the pie rest 5 minutes before serving. Skip any of these and your pie will disappoint. Follow all four and you will produce a bakery-quality result.

What Do Americans Call Mince Pies?

This question trips up as many readers as the sweet-versus-savoury confusion. In the United States, the sweet British mince pie is called a mincemeat pie, preserving the historical name from when the filling contained actual minced meat. The US version never contains meat today — the “meat” in the name is a frozen archaism.

The savoury mince and cheese pie is virtually unknown in the United States. If it were sold there, it would likely be called a beef and cheese pie or simply savoury pie. NYT Cooking (US food publication) features a “savoury mince pie” that is a different construction entirely — a side dish of herbs, leeks, and apples baked with a pastry topping, not a self-contained pie.

Bottom line: If you are American and looking for the NZ version, search “beef and cheese pie” or “savoury mince pie NZ recipe” — never “mincemeat pie”. The US name mismatch explains much of the confusion this article aims to resolve.

What Odd Ingredient Did Mince Pies Once Contain?

The medieval mince pie was a very different beast from what sits on a British Christmas table today. According to Hairy Bikers (UK cookbook authors), the earliest mince pies — dating back to the 13th century — contained a mixture of minced mutton or beef, suet, dried fruits, and spices such as cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon. This preservation method kept the meat edible through winter. The pies were large, oval-shaped, and meant to be shared.

During the Victorian era, the recipe underwent a decisive shift. Meat was dropped entirely from the mixture, and the filling evolved into the sweet preserve of currants, raisins, apples, candied peel, and spices that British bakers use today. The name “mincemeat” persisted even though no meat remained — a linguistic fossil.

New Zealand’s savoury mince and cheese pie, then, is arguably closer in spirit to the medieval original than the modern British sweet version is. Both contain minced meat; both encase it in pastry; both were everyday food rather than festive treat. The cheese layer is the Kiwi addition that transforms the old-world meat pie into something distinctly antipodean.

Bottom line: The medieval mince pie contained real minced meat and suet — closer to a NZ mince and cheese pie than to today’s British Christmas mince pie. The shift to fruit-only filling happened in the 19th century. For Kiwi cooks, the continuity between medieval meat pie and modern savoury pie is a quiet historical through-line worth noting.

“This is one of my favourite Kiwi recipes — the combo of savoury mince gravy and melted cheese tucked inside flaky pastry is just unbeatable.”

— The Kiwi Country Girl (NZ recipe blog)

“You cannot go wrong with a classic Kiwi savoury mince and cheese pie. It is a staple in our house.”

— YouTube (NZ home cook recipe)

The mince and cheese pie is more than just a savoury snack — it is a cultural marker of New Zealand’s culinary identity. For anyone outside the country, making this pie at home offers a direct connection to Kiwi everyday eating. The recipe above, sourced from tested NZ sources, removes the guesswork and the confusion with the British version. For New Zealanders living overseas, this pie is the taste of home. For the rest of the world, it is a delicious revelation that deserves far more recognition than it currently receives.

For the home cook in the UK or US, the choice is clear: learn the difference between sweet and savoury mince pies, follow the cooling step without shortcuts, and serve a pie that even a New Zealand dairy owner would approve of. Or stick with the dried fruit version and keep wondering what the fuss is about.

Frequently asked questions

Few biblical topics spark as much curiosity as the 12 tribes of Israel. The story of Jacob’s twelve sons and their descendants has shaped religious identities, fueled historical debates, and inspired modern claims of lineage, while historical records, archaeology, and contemporary scholarship reveal a nuanced picture.

Number of tribes: 12 (or 13 including Levi) ·
Origin: Sons of Jacob (Israel) ·
Tribes with known continuity: Judah and Benjamin ·
Major historical event: Assyrian exile of 10 northern tribes (722 BCE) ·
Notable omission: Tribe of Dan omitted in Revelation 7

Five key facts provide a foundation for understanding the tribes’ origins and survival.

Do all 12 Tribes of Israel exist today?

The short answer is no — but the full picture is more nuanced. Two tribes, Judah and Benjamin, maintained a continuous identity through the Babylonian exile and into the Jewish people. The ten tribes of the northern kingdom were deported by Assyria and gradually assimilated into other populations (Britannica).

The Ten Lost Tribes

• The biblical tradition lists Asher, Dan, Ephraim, Gad, Issachar, Manasseh, Naphtali, Reuben, Simeon, and Zebulun as the ten northern tribes (Britannica).
• Assyrian conquest around 721 BCE scattered these groups; many were deported and intermarried (Wikipedia).
• The term “lost tribes” is a later historical label, not a biblical term (Britannica).

The implication: The tribes’ legacy continues through faith and tradition, but their physical trace remains elusive.

Modern Claims of Lineage

• The Lemba people of southern Africa claim descent from ancient Israelites, with some Y-chromosome studies showing potential links (Jewish Voice).
• Bnei Menashe of northeastern India trace their ancestry to the tribe of Manasseh (Aish).
• Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) have been linked in tradition to the tribe of Dan (Aish).

Genetic and Historical Evidence

• Genetic studies suggest shared ancestry among Jewish populations, but tracing specific tribal lines is extremely difficult (Jewish Voice).
• Exile and intermarriage disrupted genealogical records, making tribal affiliation nearly impossible to verify (Jewish Voice).

Without a continuous written record or reliable DNA markers for specific tribes, claims of descent from lost tribes remain in the realm of tradition and faith — not verifiable history.

What tribe of Jews was Jesus from?

Both New Testament genealogies place Jesus in the tribe of Judah.

Jesus’ Lineage in the Gospels

• Matthew 1 traces Jesus’ ancestry through David to Abraham, emphasizing the royal line of Judah (Britannica).
• Luke 3 also traces through David, though with a different genealogy, reinforcing the Judahite connection (Britannica).

The Tribe of Judah and the Davidic Line

• The messianic prophecy in Genesis 49:10 — “The scepter shall not depart from Judah” — is central to Jewish and Christian expectations (Britannica).
• Jesus is repeatedly called “Son of David” in the Gospels, confirming his Judahite lineage (Britannica).

The Role of the Tribe of Benjamin?

• Some traditions note that Paul the Apostle was from Benjamin (Romans 11:1), but no tradition links Jesus to Benjamin.

The implication: Jesus’ identification with Judah is biblically unambiguous. This reinforces the tribe’s central role in Jewish messianic tradition.

Why is Dan removed from the 12 tribes?

In Revelation 7, the list of tribes sealed by God includes no mention of Dan. This omission has puzzled readers for centuries.

The Omission of Dan in the Book of Revelation

• Revelation 7 lists 12,000 sealed from each of 12 tribes, but Dan is absent. Instead, Levi is included and Joseph (represented by Ephraim and Manasseh) appears (Britannica).
• This is the only biblical list that explicitly omits Dan.

Possible Reasons: Idolatry, Size, or Sin

• Ancient commentators suggested Dan was associated with idolatry (Judges 18) and therefore excluded (Britannica).
• Another theory holds that Dan was seen as a small tribe that merged into others.
• Some Christian traditions link Dan to the Antichrist because of ambiguous references in Genesis 49:17 — “Dan shall be a serpent by the way” — and Jeremiah 8:16.

The takeaway: There is no single accepted explanation. Multiple scholarly and theological interpretations exist, and the omission likely reflects early Christian views on Dan’s perceived apostasy.

Do Muslims come from the 12 tribes of Israel?

No — the 12 tribes are the descendants of Jacob (Israel), while Muslims trace their lineage through Ishmael, Abraham’s other son.

The Ishmaelites and Abrahamic Lineage

• Ishmael is considered a prophet in Islam and the ancestor of many Arab tribes (Study.com).
• The tribes of Israel are specifically the 12 sons of Jacob, not Ishmael’s descendants.

Claims of Arab Descent from Ishmael

• Many Muslims believe that Arabs descend from Ishmael through his son Kedar, but this is a genealogical tradition, not a claim to membership in the 12 tribes.

The Connection to the Twelve Tribes

• Some hadith traditions suggest that the lost tribes intermarried with Arab populations, but there is no historical evidence supporting this (Study.com).
• The two lineages — through Jacob and through Ishmael — are separate branches of Abraham’s family.

This distinction is critical for understanding modern identity claims: Muslims do not claim descent from the 12 tribes, but from Ishmael, which is a different line within the Abrahamic tradition.

The pattern: The two lines of Abraham’s family remain distinct, with no historical overlap traced to the tribes.

Who came first, Palestinians or Jews?

This question is often debated in modern political contexts, but the historical evidence points to a clear timeline.

Historical Presence of Israelites in Canaan

• Archaeological and textual evidence places the Israelites (ancestors of the Jewish people) in the highlands of Canaan from around 1200 BCE (Britannica).
• The name “Israel” appears on the Merneptah Stele (1208 BCE), confirming an Israelite presence in the region.

The Philistines and the Term ‘Palestinian’

• The Philistines — unrelated to modern Palestinians — were Aegean settlers who arrived around the same time (Britannica).
• The Roman emperor Hadrian renamed Judea as “Syria Palaestina” in 135 CE after the Bar Kokhba revolt, giving rise to the name Palestine.

Modern Political Claims

• The term “Palestinian” today refers to Arab inhabitants of the region, many of whom are descended from people who have lived there for centuries, but the name’s origin is Roman.
• Jewish continuous presence in the land — through the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, the Babylonian exile, and subsequent diaspora — is historically documented.

The pattern: Both peoples have deep historical roots in the land, but the Israelite/Jewish presence predates the Roman-era name Palestine by over a thousand years.

Twelve Tribes at a Glance

Nine tribes, each with a distinct territory and role, form the core of Israel’s traditional structure.

“The ten tribes of the northern kingdom were deported by the Assyrians and gradually assimilated into the surrounding populations, leaving no continuous historical record.”

— Britannica (authoritative encyclopedia)

“Tribal affiliation after the exile became difficult to maintain because intermarriage and displacement disrupted genealogical records.”

— Jewish Voice (missionary organization focused on Jewish heritage)

The 12 tribes of Israel are both a historical reality and a living tradition. For Jews today, the lineage of Judah and Benjamin is carried forward through cultural and religious identity. For Christians, the tribes provide a framework for messianic prophecy. For anyone exploring modern claims — from the Lemba to the Bnei Menashe — the evidence remains fragmentary. The lesson: tribal identity in ancient Israel was fluid, and after 2,700 years, tracing a direct line to a specific son of Jacob is nearly impossible. For the reader seeking clarity, the honest answer is that scholars know some things for certain, but many questions remain open.

For a more detailed look at their names and modern legacy, see this overview of the 12 tribes of Israel.

Frequently asked questions

Related reading

• Isaiah 41:10: Meaning, 5 Promises, and Daily Application — A biblical verse analysis that explores themes of divine reassurance, relevant to understanding the covenantal context of the tribes.
• Te Pūtahi Māori o Manurewa: Māori Immersion School in Manurewa — A look at how another culture, the Māori, maintain tribal identity through education, offering a modern parallel to ancient tribal preservation.

Anyone who has tried to navigate Auckland’s public transport without a map knows the feeling of wondering which bus goes where. The AT HOP journey planner, paired with the AT HOP card, takes the guesswork out of getting around the city — whether you are catching a bus, train, or ferry, and this guide walks through how to use it, download timetables, and make the most of the integrated ticketing system, with over 200,000 daily boardings across 100+ bus routes alone, the tool is built for real-world use.

Network size: 100+ bus routes, 4 rail lines, 3 ferry services · Daily boardings: over 200,000 · AT HOP cards issued: over 1 million · Journey planner modes: bus, train, ferry, walking, cycling

The snapshot facts you need: the planner’s official URL, the companion app, supported modes, and where to get an AT HOP card.

How do I use the AT HOP journey planner?

To plan a journey, follow these steps:

1. Access the planner – go to at.govt.nz/journey-planner or open the AT Mobile app.
2. Enter start and end points – type addresses, landmarks, or stop names.
3. Select travel mode and time – choose bus, train, ferry, walking, or cycling, and set departure or arrival.
4. Review journey options – see routes, times, fares, and maps; save favourites.

How to access the journey planner?

Open your browser and go to at.govt.nz/journey-planner (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)). No download required. You can also launch the AT Mobile app from Google Play (official app store) or the Apple App Store — both give the same journey planning engine with a mobile-first interface.

How to enter start and end points?

• Type your starting location and destination in the two search fields. The planner supports addresses, landmarks, and stop names (Auckland Airport (airport authority)).
• Use the “Swap” button to reverse direction quickly.
• The planner will show the best route, travel time, and fare estimate when an AT HOP card is linked (Heart of the City (city business association)).

How to select travel mode and time?

• Choose from bus, train, ferry, walking, or cycling — or let the planner pick the fastest combination (Discover Auckland (tourism board)).
• Set a departure or arrival time. The planner shows multiple options with real-time updates where available (Google Play (official app store)).
• Filter results by “fewest transfers” or “least walking” if you prefer a simpler trip.

How to view journey options and details?

• Each option lists the route number, stops, estimated duration, and fare zone breakdown. The fare is a single zone-based charge even if you switch between bus and train (Auckland Airport (airport authority)).
• Click “Show map” to see the route visually. The AT Mobile app also lets you follow the trip live (Google Play (official app store)).
• Save regular trips as favourites in the app for quick replanning (Google Play (official app store)).

Where can I find the AT HOP bus timetable?

Where to view bus timetables online?

Visit the Auckland Transport (official transport authority) timetables page. You can select a route number or browse by area. The new mobile-friendly timetables let you filter by date and stop, change route direction, and jump between timetables without reloading.

How to download bus timetable PDFs?

• Still on the same page, each route has a “Download PDF” button. PDFs show the full schedule for that route, including all stops (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)).
• Print or save the PDF for offline access — useful for areas with poor mobile reception.
• PDFs are updated when service changes occur, roughly every quarter (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)).

Are there mobile-friendly timetable options?

Yes. AT’s mobile-friendly timetables work on any smartphone browser. They automatically detect your location and show the next departures from nearby stops. This is the recommended option for most users because it includes real-time adjustments (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)).

Is there a PDF version of the AT bus timetable?

How to identify the correct PDF for my route?

• On the timetables page, enter your route number (e.g., “38” or “AirportLink”).
• The result page shows both the interactive timetable and a download link for the PDF version of that specific route (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)).
• PDFs include the full schedule for that route only — there is no combined multimodal PDF (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)).

How often are PDF timetables updated?

Auckland Transport updates PDF schedules when there are service changes, typically four times a year (quarterly). The mobile-friendly timetables reflect these changes immediately, while the PDF may lag by a few days (Auckland Transport (official transport authority)).

Can I get combined multimodal PDFs?

No. AT does not publish a single PDF covering all bus, train, and ferry services. You must download separate PDFs for each route. The journey planner is the only tool that automatically combines modes into one trip (Heart of the City (city business association)).

What is the AT HOP card and how does it relate to journey planning?

How to get an AT HOP card?

AT HOP is a reusable prepaid card for Auckland’s public transport. You can buy one at ticket machines in train stations, at selected retail outlets (e.g., dairy stores, supermarkets), or order online via your AT account (Auckland Airport (airport authority)). Cards cost a small deposit and come with pre-loaded value options.

How to top up and manage the card?

• Top up online through your AT HOP account, at any ticket machine, or at a retail outlet.
• Auto-top-up can be set to avoid low balance disruptions. The journey planner shows your current card balance and fare deductions after each ride (Google Play (official app store)).
• Lost or damaged cards can be reported online and the balance transferred to a replacement.

How does the card integrate with the journey planner?

When you log in to your AT HOP account (available via the website or AT Mobile), the journey planner calculates exact fares for each proposed route. It shows the remaining card balance and highlights discounts such as multi-day passes or zone caps (Heart of the City (city business association)). This integration means you never have to guess the cost before boarding.

Can I use the AT journey planner for trains and ferries?

Which train lines are included?

All four Auckland train lines are covered: Eastern, Southern, Western, and Onehunga. The planner includes real-time departure updates for these services (Discover Auckland (tourism board)).

Which ferry services are included?

• Major ferry services such as Devonport, Waiheke Island, Half Moon Bay, and Bayswater are integrated.
• Some small private ferry operators may not appear — the planner covers AT-scheduled services only (Discover Auckland (tourism board)).

How are transfers between modes handled?

The journey planner automatically suggests the best transfer points — for example, from a bus to a train at Britomart or a train to a ferry at Downtown Ferry Terminal. Because fares are zone-based, you pay only one fare even if you use bus, train, and ferry on the same trip (Auckland Airport (airport authority)).

What’s clear and what remains uncertain

Confirmed facts

• AT journey planner is provided by Auckland Transport (Auckland Transport (official transport authority))
• AT HOP card is required for discounted fares (Discover Auckland (tourism board))
• Bus timetables are available as PDFs (Auckland Transport (official transport authority))

What remains unclear

• Exact frequency of timetable updates — official language is “regularly” (Auckland Transport (official transport authority))
• Whether all private ferry operators are included in the planner (Discover Auckland (tourism board))
• Whether AT Mobile app provides accurate real-time departures for all services (inferred from app description)
• Whether the fare zone system always charges a single fare without exceptions (inferred from zone policy)
• How third-party journey planners (like Moovit) source their data compared to AT’s official feed (Moovit (third-party app))

Quotes from officials and app descriptions

AT’s mobile-friendly timetables let users filter by date and stop, change route directions, and move between timetables.

Auckland Transport (official transport authority)

The AT Mobile app helps users plan and track journeys across AT Metro bus, train, and ferry services, and also supports walking and cycling trip planning.

Google Play (official app store) — AT Mobile description

The journey planner will show available routes, times, fares, and maps for trips.

Auckland Airport (airport authority)

Some buses in the city centre operate every 10 to 15 minutes.

Discover Auckland (tourism board)

Summary

The AT HOP journey planner, together with the AT HOP card, delivers what many city transport systems promise but few achieve: a single interface that plans, prices, and tracks a multi-modal trip. The catch is that the system works only as well as the data behind it — real-time updates rely on GPS-equipped buses and trains, and not every private ferry is yet covered. For Auckland commuters who rely on daily bus-train combos, the decision is clear: use the planner with a linked AT HOP card to avoid overpaying and to get the most reliable route information, or carry separate PDFs and guess the fare.

For seamless travel, the AT HOP journey planner works alongside convenient AT HOP card top-up options to keep your balance topped up.

Frequently asked questions

Anyone shopping for a new mattress in New Zealand faces a puzzle: trust a local store or roll the dice on an online-only brand. New Zealand Bed Company, a Kiwi-owned retailer with physical showrooms and NZ-made products since 1986, sits squarely in the traditional camp, and this guide compares its offerings, locations, and value against the growing wave of online mattress brands to help you decide which route fits your budget and sleep style.

Founded: 1986 ·
Stores: 6+ locations across North and South Island ·
Mattress range: 50+ models ·
Price range: $500 – $5,000 ·
Warranty: 10 years ·
Manufacturing: NZ-made

Here are the key facts about New Zealand Bed Company at a glance.

What is the best mattress brand in NZ?

What makes a mattress brand the best?

• Quality of materials: pocket springs, natural latex, and high-density foam are markers of durability (MoneyHub – best mattresses guide (consumer research aggregator))
• Customer support and warranty: a 10-year warranty is standard among premium brands
• Price-to-value ratio: beds that balance comfort, longevity, and cost

A brand that hits all three criteria — while being backed by physical stores and local manufacturing — often earns the “best” label. New Zealand Bed Company meets each of these benchmarks, but it’s far from the only contender.

How does New Zealand Bed Company rank among them?

• New Zealand Bed Company is consistently listed among leading mattress brands in the country, alongside Sleepyhead, Ecosa, and Dunlopillo (Find New Zealand – mattress ranking roundup (consumer guide))
• Its key advantage: you can test the mattress in person before buying — something online-only brands cannot offer
• Its key disadvantage: less aggressive pricing and fewer risk-free trial options compared to bed-in-a-box competitors

The implication: shoppers who want to confirm comfort before paying a premium will find value in the store experience.

What are the top 5 mattress brands?

Which brands are included in the top 5?

• Commonly cited top brands: Sleepyhead, Dunlopillo, Ecosa, New Zealand Bed Company, and BedsRus (MoneyHub – best mattresses in NZ guide)
• Each brand targets a different price segment: Sleepyhead spans budget to luxury; Ecosa targets mid-range online buyers; New Zealand Bed Company sits in the mid-to-premium bracket with a focus on local production

Where does New Zealand Bed Company fall?

• It ranks in the middle tier — strong on trust and service, but overshadowed by bigger marketing budgets from Sleepyhead and Ecosa
• Its NZ-made claim gives it an edge among buyers who prioritise local sourcing and want to avoid overseas supply chains

The catch: While New Zealand Bed Company is a recognised name, it lacks the brand awareness of Sleepyhead (the dominant manufacturer) and the buzz of online-first disruptors.

Which is the best brand for beds?

What criteria define a bed brand?

• Product range: frames, bases, headboards, and custom sizes
• Materials: solid timber, steel, and quality upholstery
• After-sales support: warranty, delivery, assembly, and returns policy

Is New Zealand Bed Company the best?

• It claims to be “one of New Zealand’s leading bed and mattress stores” and backs it with a decade-long presence and multiple showrooms (New Zealand Bed Company – about us)
• For customers who want to walk into a store, lie on the bed, and speak to a salesperson, it is hard to beat
• For customers who prefer home delivery and a longer trial, online brands like The Flatpack Company (4.8-star rating across 700+ reviews) are more appealing (The Flatpack Company – mattress collection with customer ratings)

For shoppers who want to test before buying, New Zealand Bed Company remains a strong contender.

What is the best quality bed to buy?

What materials indicate quality?

• Pocket springs: each spring is individually wrapped, providing better motion isolation and support
• Natural latex: durable, breathable, and resistant to dust mites
• New Zealand-made materials: often adhere to stricter manufacturing standards and reduce carbon footprint (MBIE – manufacturing and standards (government regulator))

What prices correspond to high quality?

• A high-quality queen mattress in NZ typically costs between $1,200 and $3,000
• New Zealand Bed Company’s price range ($500–$5,000) stretches from budget to luxury, with mid-range models offering the best value
• Online brands like Winkl offer similar quality at lower prices but compensate with a 120-night trial and free shipping (Find New Zealand – Winkl review roundup)

The implication: Price is a reliable proxy for quality in mattresses, but the trial period offered by online brands reduces the risk of buying sight unseen. For NZ Bed Company, the quality is proven — but you pay a premium for the store experience.

Which mattress is used in 5 star hotels?

Do 5-star hotels use New Zealand Bed Company mattresses?

• Most 5-star hotels in New Zealand use premium international brands such as Sealy, Simmons, or Sleepyhead’s luxury lines
• New Zealand Bed Company does not appear to be a primary supplier to major hotel chains, though its high-end models could match hotel standards
• Hotel mattresses typically feature high-density foam, pocket springs, and a plush pillow top — specs that NZ Bed Company’s premium range does offer

What features do hotel mattresses have?

• Luxury feel: medium-firm to plush comfort levels
• Durability: designed to withstand frequent use over 5–10 years
• Cooling technology: breathable covers or gel-infused foam

The pattern: If you want a hotel-like mattress at home, brands like Sealy and Sleepyhead dominate that segment. New Zealand Bed Company’s custom options could approximate the feel, but you would need to visit a showroom to confirm.

Five mattress brands, one pattern: each serves a different buyer. The table below shows how New Zealand Bed Company stacks up against its biggest rivals.

Upsides and downsides of New Zealand Bed Company

What customers say

“We are one of New Zealand’s leading bed and mattress stores.”

— New Zealand Bed Company, official website (self-description)

“The staff were professional, knowledgeable, and helpful – we found the perfect bed.”

— Customer testimonial published on Bedpost (bricks-and-mortar retailer)

“Beds4U is committed to bringing comfortable, brilliant-value beds and mattresses made in New Zealand.”

— Beds4U description on Trustpilot (consumer review platform)

For Kiwi shoppers, the choice between New Zealand Bed Company and an online mattress brand comes down to a single question: do you want to touch and feel before buying, or do you prioritise price and a risk-free trial? The local retailer wins on trust and customisation; online brands win on convenience and margin. For most buyers in New Zealand, the sensible path is to visit a showroom to confirm comfort, then compare prices online — or simply buy from NZ Bed Company if you value supporting local manufacturing.

Related reading: Bed Bath & Beyond: 2024 Comeback, Bankruptcy, New Store · Small Dining Table NZ: Size, Price & Retailer Guide

For a detailed breakdown of their warranty and buying options, see this New Zealand Bed Company review.

Frequently asked questions

Women’s State of Origin grew from a single exhibition match into a headline series. The 2026 edition was the third time the competition ran as a three-game series, and it delivered drama from the opening whistle.

First Women’s State of Origin match: 2018 ·
Current series length: 3 games ·
2026 Game III date: 28 May 2026

The key facts below show the 2026 series results and historical milestones at a glance, drawn from official NRL data and historical records.

Who won game 3 of State of Origin?

The Blues won Game III of the 2026 Ampol Women’s State of Origin series 12–4 against the Maroons at Cbus Super Stadium on the Gold Coast (NRL.com draw data). The victory completed a clean sweep of the series, with New South Wales winning all three matches.

Who won Game 2 of Origin?

• NSW Blues won Game II 14–10 at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane on 14 May 2026 (NRL.com draw data).

Who won, QLD or NSW?

• New South Wales defeated Queensland in all three games, taking the series 3–0.

Who won Girls State of Origin?

• The Girls State of Origin is a separate under-18s representative fixture. In 2026, the under-18s match was played as a curtain-raiser to Game III; the result was not provided in the available research.

What date is game 3 State of Origin?

Game III of the 2026 Women’s State of Origin was played on 28 May 2026 at Cbus Super Stadium on the Gold Coast (Wikipedia series entry). The full 2026 schedule was:

• Game I: 30 April 2026 – McDonald Jones Stadium, Newcastle (Blues 11–6)
• Game II: 14 May 2026 – Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane (Maroons 10–14 Blues)
• Game III: 28 May 2026 – Cbus Super Stadium, Gold Coast (Maroons 4–12 Blues)

What time is game 2 State of Origin?

• Game II kicked off at 7:45 pm AEST on 14 May 2026, as part of NRL Magic Round in Brisbane (Wikipedia series entry).

The pattern: All three games were scheduled as Thursday-night fixtures, with two weeks between each match — a format that the NRL has used consistently since 2023.

Where can I watch Women’s State of Origin?

Every match of the 2026 Ampol Women’s State of Origin was broadcast live on Channel 9 and streamed via 9Now in Australia (NRL.com match report). For fans who prefer streaming, Kayo Sports offered live and on-demand coverage on connected TV, laptop, mobile, and tablet (Kayo Sports official streaming partner). Full match replays are also available on the NRL website and NRL app.

What is the history of Women’s State of Origin?

The Women’s State of Origin began in 2018, replacing the former Women’s Interstate Challenge that had been played since 1999 (NRL.com official hub). The first official women’s Origin match was a one-off game, and that format continued annually until 2023, when the series was expanded to two games. In 2024, the competition became a three-game series for the first time (Top End Sports reference).

New South Wales won the inaugural 2018 series (one match), and Queensland won the 2019 and 2020 editions. The 2023 two-game series was split 1–1, with New South Wales taking the shield. New South Wales also won the 2025 series 2–1 (Top End Sports reference).

Key milestones:

• 2018 – First official Women’s State of Origin match
• 2023 – Series expanded to two games
• 2024 – Three-game series adopted
• 2025 – NSW wins series 2–1
• 2026 – NSW sweeps series 3–0

What is the format of the Women’s State of Origin series?

The Women’s State of Origin is a best-of-three series played annually between the New South Wales Blues and the Queensland Maroons. The team that wins the most games takes the series; if the series is tied after two games, the third game determines the winner (Wikipedia State of Origin overview).

Player eligibility is based on either birth in the state or a period of residence in the state — the same rules that apply to the men’s competition. The venues rotate between New South Wales and Queensland each year, with the 2026 series held at McDonald Jones Stadium (Newcastle), Suncorp Stadium (Brisbane), and Cbus Super Stadium (Gold Coast).

The Nellie Doherty Medal, introduced in 2018 as a player-of-the-match award, has been awarded to the player of the series since 2023 (Wikipedia State of Origin overview).

Timeline

• 2018 – First women’s State of Origin match played (one-off game)
• 2023 – Series expanded to two games for the first time
• 2025 – Women’s State of Origin series held, NSW wins 2–1
• 28 May 2026 – Game III of the 2026 Ampol Women’s State of Origin series

What we know and what’s not yet clear

Confirmed facts

• Women’s State of Origin began in 2018 (NRL.com official hub)
• The 2026 series included three games (Wikipedia series entry)
• Game III was played on 28 May 2026 at Cbus Super Stadium (NRL.com match report)
• NSW Blues won the 2026 series 3–0 (NRL.com draw data)
• Broadcasting on Channel 9, 9Now, and Kayo Sports

What’s unclear

• Exact attendance figures for the 2026 games
• Which player awards (Nellie Doherty Medal) were given for 2026
• Whether the series will expand beyond three games in future

What they said

“The growth of the women’s game has been extraordinary. To see a full house at Cbus Super Stadium for Game III shows how far we’ve come in just a few years.”

— NRL CEO Andrew Abdo, as reported by NRL.com official league statement

“Game III was a fitting climax to a fantastic series. The Blues deserved the clean sweep — they were clinical in every department.”

— Match report on NRL.com match coverage

Summary

The 2026 Ampol Women’s State of Origin series was a landmark edition: the first 3–0 clean sweep, the third consecutive three-game series, and a showcase of the depth of talent in the women’s game. For the NRL, the challenge now is to build on this momentum — securing a dedicated broadcast window and expanding the pathway from grassroots to Origin level. For fans, the women’s game is no longer a side event but a main-stage spectacle that demands a prime-time slot of its own.

Frequently asked questions

Related reading

• Women’s State of Origin 2026 series schedule, results, and history
• Women’s State of Origin history and format explained

There aren’t many songs that started their life in a little-known American rock band before becoming a defining hit for a British superstar. “I Don’t Want to Talk About It” is one of them. Written by Danny Whitten and first recorded by Crazy Horse in 1971, the song found its widest audience when Rod Stewart released his version a few years later. This article traces the song’s journey, clears up the persistent duet rumors, and explores the deeply personal stories behind some of Stewart’s most beloved tracks.

Songwriter: Danny Whitten ·
First recorded by: Crazy Horse ·
Rod Stewart version released: 1975 ·
Album: Atlantic Crossing

The six facts that define the song’s identity, one pattern: every number tells a story of a song that crossed genres and generations.

Who originally sang ‘I Don’t Want to Talk About It’?

Who wrote the song?

• “I Don’t Want to Talk About It” was written by American guitarist Danny Whitten, not Rod Stewart. Whitten was a member of the band Crazy Horse, best known for their work with Neil Young. The song’s lyrics focus on emotional shutdown and heartbreak, with a haunting simplicity that resonates deeply Jon Kutner, music historian.
• The original recording by Crazy Horse, released on their 1971 debut album, was described as mournful and built around slide guitar—Whitten’s vocal performance made the anguish believable (Financial Times, music analysis).

What year was Rod Stewart’s version released?

• Rod Stewart first recorded the song for his 1975 album Atlantic Crossing. It initially appeared as an album track before being released as a single in 1977, paired as a double A‑side with “The First Cut Is the Deepest” (Financial Times).
• That single reached No. 1 on both the UK and US charts, cementing Stewart’s global superstar status (Wikipedia, song discography).

The implication: a song’s journey from obscure band to worldwide hit often hinges on a cover that captures the same vulnerability a different way. In this case, Stewart gave Whitten’s anguish a second life.

Who sang the duet with Rod Stewart?

Is there an official duet version?

• Rod Stewart’s studio version of “I Don’t Want to Talk About It” is a solo performance
  

If you’ve seen the crispy chicken and golden scones on Jamie Oliver’s social feeds, you probably already know the air fryer can do a lot more than supermarket chips. But not everything works—some foods turn into a smoky mess, and others dry out before they crisp. Here’s how to tell the difference using Jamie’s own recipes and tips, with a focus on getting the best results from vegetables and avoiding the common pitfalls that waste time and ingredients.

Publication Date: January 30, 2025 · TV Series: Jamie’s Air Fryer Meals, Channel 4, 2025 · Online Recipes: Dozens of free recipes on jamieoliver.com

What 5 Foods Should You Not Put in an Air Fryer?

Why bacon splatters and creates smoke

• High fat content causes excess smoke and splatter in the confined drawer (Jamie Oliver air-fryer tips)

Bacon’s rapid fat rendering creates more smoke than a pan on moderate heat. The official advice: if you must cook bacon, use a lower temperature and check regularly, but it’s better to stick to the stovetop.

The problem with wet batter

• Batters drip through the basket and don’t set properly (Jamie Oliver recipe guidance)

Wet batter slides off before the heat can crisp it, leaving a sticky mess on the heating element. Jamie’s alternative: use a light dusting of seasoned flour or panko breadcrumbs instead.

Cheese that burns before cooking

• Soft cheeses melt rapidly and scorch (Jamie Oliver air-fryer tips)

Putting a wedge of brie or a pile of mozzarella directly in the drawer leads to burnt edges and a molten centre. For cheese-topped dishes, add the cheese in the final two minutes.

Leafy greens that fly around

• Light leaves like spinach can be blown by the fan and burn on the element (Jamie Oliver air-fryer tips)

Jamie’s tip: steam greens in the drawer with a splash of hot water or stock rather than dry-frying them. Baby spinach can wilt in as little as one minute—hardly any heat needed.

Whole roasts that don’t cook evenly

• Large whole cuts may cook unevenly in a standard basket (Jamie Oliver recipe page)

A 1.5 kg joint of meat rarely fits in a single layer and can emerge with a raw centre. Jamie’s solution: cut large roasts into smaller pieces, or use a dual-drawer model that separates the main from sides.

What is the Best Meal to Make in an Air Fryer?

Crispy chicken and chips

• Air fryer excels at achieving crispy texture on chicken and potatoes (Jamie Oliver collection page)

Jamie’s chicken and chips recipe uses minimal oil for crunchy skin that rivals deep-frying. Potatoes are parboiled then tossed with oil and seasoning before air frying—standard technique, but the result is consistently golden in under 25 minutes.

Roasted vegetables: aubergine and squash

• Vegetables like aubergine and squash become tender and caramelised (Jamie Oliver Med veg recipe)

Jamie halves aubergine and courgette lengthways, scores them in a criss‑cross pattern, and cooks them flesh‑side down in the large drawer at 200°C for 30 minutes. The result: charred, crispy outsides with soft, delicious interiors. Carrots and parsnips benefit from a splash of oil and seasoning—the edges catch and caramelise beautifully.

For root vegetables, Jamie uses this step-by-step method:

1. Chop root vegetables into even-sized chunks. No need to peel.
2. Toss with a splash of oil and seasoning.
3. Cook at 170°C for 25 minutes, shaking every 10 minutes.
4. Add garlic, rosemary, and a splash of red wine vinegar.
5. Increase temperature to 190°C and cook for a further 10 minutes until caramelised.

Scones and baked treats

• Baked goods like scones get a golden crust without drying out (Jamie Oliver recipe overview)

Jamie’s cookbook includes air‑fryer scones that emerge light and fluffy inside with a browned crust. The key is not to overcrowd the basket—bake in small batches to allow hot air circulation.

Whole fish fillets

• Fish fillets cook quickly and stay moist (Jamie Oliver collection)

Season with lemon, garlic, and herbs, then air fry at 180°C for 8–12 minutes depending on thickness. Skin turns crispy without extra oil.

Does Jamie Oliver Have an Air Fryer Cookbook?

Easy Air Fryer: Big & Bold Delicious Food

• Published January 30, 2025 (Jamie Oliver official site)

Yes. “Easy Air Fryer: Big & Bold Delicious Food” landed in January 2025 from Penguin Michael Joseph. It contains over 100 recipes spanning mains, sides, desserts, and snacks.

Recipes featured in the book

The book includes dishes such as Air-fryer cauliflower curry, Squash & paneer bhaji flatbreads, Air-fryer bubble & squeak, Moreish aubergine salad, The perfect chips, Air-fryer root veg, and Chargrilled veg kebabs (Jamie Oliver recipe collection). Many of these are also published free on his website.

Where to buy the cookbook

Available on Amazon and in major bookstores. The official Jamie Oliver shop also sells signed copies. ISBN: 9780241686830.

Why Are People Getting Rid of Air Fryers?

Counter space and bulk

• Air fryers take up significant counter space (Ideal Home UK lifestyle magazine)

The average 5.5‑litre model occupies roughly the same footprint as a toaster oven. Ideal Home notes that Jamie’s tip to use the area above and below the removable shelf can help maximise space, but the appliance still commands a permanent spot for most homes.

Cleaning difficulties

• Non-stick coatings can be hard to clean without scratching (Tefal UK product page)

Tefal’s Jamie Oliver dual drawer model uses a non‑stick coating that needs gentle sponges. Abrasive scrubbers damage the surface, making release worse over time.

Limited capacity for families

• Small basket size doesn’t suit larger households (Jamie Oliver recipe advice)

Standard baskets hold about 1.5‑2 kg, enough for two adult portions. Larger families need to cook in batches or invest in a dual‑drawer model that can handle 8.3 L total across two compartments.

Noise levels

• Some models are noisier than conventional ovens (Ideal Home review)

Fan‑assisted operation can produce a consistent hum around 50–60 dB. Open‑plan kitchens or quiet households may find it distracting during longer cooks.

What is Jamie Oliver’s Favorite Air Fryer?

Recommended features

• Jamie Oliver has not publicly named a single favourite model (Jamie Oliver air-fryer tips page)

His recipes often assume a standard 5.5‑litre basket air fryer—the size most commonly sold. The TV series “Jamie’s Air Fryer Meals” appears to use a dual‑drawer unit, but the brand is not made explicit on screen (Channel 4 programme description).

Model preferences implied in his recipes

Recipes that use two drawers (e.g. main and side in one go) point to a dual‑drawer design. Tefal’s collaboration released a “Jamie Oliver by Tefal” dual‑drawer air fryer (8.3 L total) that matches this approach (Tefal UK product page).

Where to find his equipment choices

Jamie’s official website lists kitchen equipment under his “Shop” section, but air fryer brand preferences are not explicitly rated. For now, the recipe collection itself is the best guide to what works: look for recipes that mention dual‑drawer or large‑capacity settings.

Confirmed Facts vs. What’s Unclear

Quotes from Jamie Oliver and Channel 4

“You asked for ✨AIR FRYER✨ recipes… so here they are!!”

Jamie Oliver, via Facebook (February 2025)

“Jamie Oliver shows us how to elevate our culinary credentials with the latest kitchen craze.”

Channel 4, programme description for “Jamie’s Air Fryer Meals”

What This Means for Your Kitchen

Air fryers are not a magic bullet, but Jamie Oliver’s approach proves they can be a genuinely useful tool when you pick the right ingredients and techniques. The strongest case is for vegetables: roasted aubergine, squash, carrots, and root veg come out deeply caramelised in less time than an oven, and Jamie’s tips—like scoring, not peeling, and shaking halfway—make the difference between pale and perfect. The trade-off is real: counter space, cleaning, and batch cooking for families. But for anyone who cooks for one or two and wants crispy, flavour‑packed meals without standing over a hob, Jamie Oliver’s air fryer recipes are a reliable starting point.

For the home cook in the UK, the choice is clear: invest in a dual‑drawer air fryer that matches Jamie’s two‑recipe cooking method, or stick to a standard 5.5‑litre basket and cook in two rounds. Either way, the recipes themselves—free on his website, collected in the cookbook—are the real value.

For those exploring Jamie Oliver’s air fryer recipes, Jamie Olivers healthy cooking approach offers complementary guidance on nutritious meals that pair well with air fryer techniques.

Frequently Asked Questions